We also found positive associations between SS and previously reported SS-associated diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, thyroid diseases, pancreatitis, bronchiectasis, infectious diseases, osteoporosis, and ankylosing spondylitis. We found that fibrocystic breast disease (aOR, 1.75 95% CI, 1.63–1.88) were independently associated with incident SS, whereas mastitis and childbirth-associated breast infections were not associated with incident SS. Results: We identified 9,665 patients with pSS and 193,300 age-matched non-SS controls, as well as 9,155 SS cases and 18,310 propensity-score-matched non-SS controls. We explored the associations between pSS and a history of mastitis and fibrocystic breast disease by determining adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a conditional logistical regression analysis after controlling for potential confounders. We identified newly diagnosed pSS female patients during the 2001–2013 period, as well as age-matched (1:20) and propensity-score-matched (1:2) non-SS individuals (as controls). Methods: We used the 2003–2013 data retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to conduct the present population-based study. Objective: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by exocrine glandular inflammation however, the association between preceding mammary-gland-inflammation-related diseases and newly diagnosed pSS remains unexplored. 19Department of Automatic Control Engineering, College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan.18Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.17Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.16Institute of Integrative Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.15Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.14Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. 13Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. 12School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.11Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.10Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.9Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.8Department of Healthcare Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.7Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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